Stone Inequality Book Talk: Robert J. Sampson
Date and Time
Location
Join us on April 2, 2026, for a special panel event in Bell Hall (HKS Belfer Building, 5th floor) to mark the publication of Robert J. Sampson's Marked by Time: How Social Change Has Transformed Crime and the Life Trajectories of Young Americans. Food will be provided and attendees will have the chance to receive a copy of the book.
About the book: A leading sociologist’s groundbreaking three-decade study challenges outdated views of crime and character, revealing that traditional risk factors alone poorly predict children’s futures. Between 1970 and 2020, the United States experienced a dramatic rise in crime and incarceration, followed by an unexpected decline. Along with plummeting violence came reductions in substance use, car accidents, child poverty, and lead exposure. By 2020, incarceration rates hit a twenty-five-year low, with African Americans benefiting the most. Yet these positive shifts have not registered in public discourse or policies, which continue to rely on outdated studies and reductive narratives of moral character and personal responsibility. A major reason for this oversight is how social scientists study youth development—typically through single-birth-cohort approaches that fail to capture generational change. In a pioneering three-decade study of over one thousand Chicago children across multiple cohorts, Robert J. Sampson challenges this convention. He finds that children with similar self-control and family backgrounds, born just a decade apart, experienced dramatically different life paths. Strikingly, children born in the mid-1980s faced twice the likelihood of arrest by their mid-twenties than those born ten years later. This research reframes deeply ingrained assumptions about ongoing social decline and the importance of individual fortitude. Sampson spotlights the role of shifting social conditions and structural change in driving measurable improvements in youth trajectories, along with new risks that threaten these gains. The era into which a child is born shapes their future as profoundly as race, upbringing, or neighborhood. To rethink progress, inequality, and policy, we must first acknowledge how time itself leaves a transformative mark on individual lives.
Robert J. Sampson
Robert J. Sampson is the Woodford L. and Ann A. Flowers University Professor at Harvard University. He is also an Affiliated Research Professor at the American Bar Foundation, founding director of the Boston Area Research Initiative, and Scientific Director of the ongoing Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN+). He taught previously at the University of Chicago. Professor Sampson is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Society of Criminology, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, and, as Corresponding Fellow, the British Academy. He is the former President of the American Society of Criminology and in 2011 he received the Stockholm Prize in Criminology. His research and teaching cover a variety of areas including crime and criminal justice, the life course and social change, neighborhood effects, collective civic engagement, inequality, and urban social structure.
Erin Kelly
Erin Kelly is the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. She earned her undergraduate degree in philosophy from Stanford University; in further pursuit of philosophy, she then went to Columbia University for graduate study before moving to Harvard University, where she earned her PhD. Her research interests are in moral and political philosophy and the philosophy of law, with a focus on questions about justice. She has developed a particular emphasis on criminal law, moral responsibility and desert, and theories of punishment. Her current work aims, among other things, to develop philosophical conceptions of reparative and transformative justice as alternatives to retributive accounts of punishment. She has been Visiting Professor at Harvard Law School, where she taught Criminal Law. In 2025-26 she is a Laurance S. Rockefeller Visiting Faculty Fellow at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University.
Brandon M. Terry
Brandon M. Terry is the John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University and the co-director of the Institute on Policing, Incarceration, and Public Safety at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. Born in Baltimore, Terry earned a PhD with distinction in Political Science and African American Studies from Yale University, an MSc in Political Theory Research at the University of Oxford, and an AB, magna cum laude, in Government and African and African American Studies from Harvard College. An award-winning scholar of African American political thought, political theory, and the politics of race and inequality, Brandon is the author of Shattered Dreams, Infinite Hope: A Tragic Vision of the Civil Rights Movement (Harvard University Press). He is also the editor, with Tommie Shelby, of To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Harvard University Press, 2018) and the editor of Fifty Years Since MLK (Boston Review/MIT, 2018).
Elizabeth Wrigley-Field
Elizabeth Wrigley-Field is an Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota in the Department of Sociology and the Minnesota Population Center. A sociologist and demographer, she studies racial inequality in mortality in the historical and contemporary United States, and specializes in finding comparisons and metrics that illuminate the human meaning of mortality disparities. She has extensively researched the Covid-19 pandemic in Minnesota, where she also co-founded an award-winning community vaccination organization. She is also a demographic methodologist, developing models designed to clarify relationships between micro and macro perspectives on population processes.
This event is open to the public, but due to building access restrictions, attendees without Harvard ID cards must email inequality@hks.harvard.edu to request building access.